贺兰山岩画博物馆选址分析

以文物遗址为依托的博物馆建设,一直是考古、历史、建筑、规划等专业人事关心和研究的课题之一。本文以贺兰山岩画博物馆选址为研究对象,在分析贺兰口岩画和聚落遗址空间分布特点的基础上,论述岩画、聚落遗址、生态环境与博物馆选址的关系,并着重从地段环境、生态环境、空间格局和视觉景观4个方面对拟选的3个方案进行综合比较分析,确定贺兰山岩画博物馆选址的最终方案,最后还为其他文物遗址博物馆选址提出了5条建设性原则。

ANALYSIS ON LOCATION OF ROCK ART MUSEUM IN HELAN MOUNTAIN

The museum construction, which is based on the cultural relic and site, is always a project concerned and researched by archaeologist, historian, architecture, planner and so on. In this article, the location of Helan mountain rock art museum is analysed , based on the actual condition of Helan mountain rock art preserve zone. And in the end , Theoretics basis is provided to the location of other museum that belongs to the same type.Helankou locates in the west of Yinchuan plain and is in the middle east of the foot of Helan mountain, which is an important part of tourism of Xixia culture in Ningxia. First, the relationship among rock art, residential sites, eco-environment and the location of museum is discussed on the basis of analyse on the distribution of residential sites and Helan mountain rock art. The location of rock art museum should not destroy the whole distribution of residential sites, neither in the area that spread to much of rock art, nor in the place that is too far from the rock art which will lead to the break away from its history environment. The location of rock art is a inherit and development to the history and culture of this area, it should be harmony to the surroundings. Second, a contrast among the three scheme is made from the following point of view, location surroundings, ecology environment, spatial layout and sight of vision. At the end , the third scheme is selected as the final scheme. At the end of the article, five principle is provided to the location of museum which is cultural relic based.(1) The location of museum should be based on the understand and analyze of local environment and history. (2) It should guarantee the protection of cultural relic, and should not sacrifice the real antique. (3) To avoid the damage on the cultural relic derived from the wrong location of museum, the museum location should be harmony with the location of cultural relic to a great extent. (4) It should be considered that the museum has the function of publicize and education, and can make great exhibition (5)The location of museum is the inherit of history of modern people, and the art visualization should be considered.