明早期官窑青花瓷器所用钴料的产地特征和晕散成因分析

为揭示明早期官窑青花瓷器所用钴料的产地特征和"色散而不收"的原因,以明早期官窑青花瓷器和阿联酋采集的伊斯兰蓝彩器标本为研究对象,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)和激光诱导击穿光谱分析(LIBS)分析方法分别对青花或者蓝彩纹饰部位以及釉的常规元素组成含量和氧化硼含量进行测试分析。结果表明:1)景德镇明早期青花瓷器所用钴料与伊斯兰蓝彩器标本类似,均为含有硼元素的经过预熔处理的低锰型钴料。2)明早期官窑青花瓷器"色散而不收"的主要原因在于其采用了含有硼的高钠、高钙以及低铝、低硅的预熔处理过的钴玻璃料。研究结果从硼元素角度佐证了明早期官窑青花瓷器所用的进口钴料可能来自于伊斯兰地区,为今后青花钴料的产地研究提供了新的视角和数据。

Study on the origin and diffusion of cobalt materials used in early Ming Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains

In order to reveal characteristics of the origin and causes of diffusion of cobalt (Co) materials used in early Ming Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains, four blue-and-white porcelain shards from the early Ming Dynasty and five blue-and-white shards made in Western Asia were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). The results showed that the cobalt materials used for early Ming Dynasty porcelains in Jingdezhen are very similar to those for Western Asia blue decoration in glazes, in that both are boron (B)-containing and low-manganese (Mn) cobalt materials. This work reveals not only the relationship between the cobalt materials used in early Ming Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains and Islamic Blue decoration materials from a new perspective, but also that the cause of diffusion of cobalt materials used in early Ming Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains is the pre-fused borax cobalt glass materials which have high sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) but low aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) contents. This work may provide an important reference for further studies on the origins of cobalt materials used in blue-and-white porcelains of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.