Prepared core reduction at the site of Kudu Koppie in northern South Africa: temporal patterns across the Earlier and Middle Stone Age boundary |
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| Authors: | J Wilkins L Pollarolo K Kuman |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto ON, Canada M5S 2S2;2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa;3. Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Kudu Koppie is a stratified late Earlier Stone Age and Middle Stone Age archaeological site located in the northern Limpopo Province of South Africa. The prepared core reduction strategies are described and temporal trends across the ESA–MSA boundary are presented. The prepared cores and endproducts of Kudu Koppie suggest that both the late ESA and MSA toolmakers employed the Levallois Volumetric Concept, but they often exploited a nodule's natural convexities and form. The MSA toolmakers used a greater variety of prepared core methods and more intensively exploited cryptocrystalline and microcrystalline nodules, the scarcity of which may have resulted in a more “formalized” application of the Levallois Volumetric Concept. These observations are considered within the context of human behavioural evolution. |
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| Keywords: | Levallois Prepared core Lithic analysis Southern Africa Middle Stone Age Earlier Stone Age Modern human behaviour |
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