Geochemical sourcing of basalt artifacts from Kaua‘i,Hawaiian Islands |
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| Authors: | Peter R Mills Steven P Lundblad Julie S Field Alan B Carpenter Windy K McElroy Pua Rossi |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anthropology, Social Sciences Division, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, 200 W., Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;2. Department of Geology, Natural Sciences Division, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, 200 W., Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;3. Anthropology, Ohio State University, 4056 Smith Laboratory, 174 W., 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;4. Hawai‘i Division of State Parks, PO Box 621, Honolulu, HI 96809, USA;5. Garcia and Associates, 146 Hekili Street, Kailua, HI 96734, USA;6. Hawaiian Studies, Kaua‘i Community College, 3-1901 Kaumuali‘i Hwy., Līhue, HI 96766, USA |
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| Abstract: | We report on energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) sourcing of 807 basalt artifacts and 34 basalt ecofacts recovered from stratified midden at Nu‘alolo Kai, Kaua‘i. These data are compared with EDXRF analyses of 473 alluvial pebbles from Waimea Canyon, 34 adzes from the Kaua‘i Museum, and published geochemical data for Kaua‘i basalts. Formal tools, such as adzes, chisels, and mirrors were predominantly manufactured from sources not available at Nu‘alolo Kai. Most adzes and chisels are consistent with sources available elsewhere on Kaua‘i, but two basalt mirrors are outside the expected geochemical range of Kaua‘i basalts. In contrast, almost all expedient tools were manufactured from basalts available at Nu‘alolo Kai. These findings support the existence of an island-wide distribution system for adze material on Kaua‘i, and challenges extant models of pre-contact Hawaiian economics to consider the mechanisms through which specialized commodities were produced and distributed. |
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| Keywords: | geochemical sourcing provenance studies stone artifacts Hawaiian Islands |
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