Detecting modes in low-dimensional archaeological data

An approach to testing for modes in low-dimensional data, Silverman’s test, novel in an archaeological setting, is described and illustrated. ‘Patterns’ in archaeological data can be suggested by the presence of modes. Reassurance is needed that modes suggested by graphical analysis are genuine before attempting substantive archaeological interpretation. The test either provides such reassurance, or else guards against over-interpretation, particularly with small samples. Data on loomweight dimensions, lead isotope ratios, and ceramic compositions are used to illustrate use of the test, dealing with issues concerning outliers and small samples as they arise. The focus is on univariate mode detection.