Observations of the sodium layer using a Fabry-Perot spectrometer: twilight temperature variations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, National Reference Centre for Childhood Tuberculosis, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón and Gregorio Marañón Research Institute, Madrid, Spain;3. Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria, Unitat d''Infeccions, Servei de Pediatria, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain;4. Departament de Pediatria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain;6. Red de Investigación Translacional en Infectología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain;7. Academic Department of Paediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children''s Hospital, Rome, Italy;8. Children''s Clinic, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, MHATLD “St Sofia”, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria;9. Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;10. Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;11. Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy;12. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK;13. Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK;14. Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d''Hebron, Vall d''Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain;15. Medical and Surgical Science Department, S Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy;p. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland;q. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children''s Hospital, Basel, Switzerland;r. Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children''s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;s. Department of Paediatrics, Leicester Children''s Hospital, Leicester, UK;t. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia;u. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, CHC Montlegia, Liège, Belgium;v. Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy;w. Birmingham Chest Clinic and Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;x. Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany;y. Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Evelina London Children''s Hospital, Guy''s and St Thomas'' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;1. Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, UK;2. Centre for Mental Health and Safety, NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;3. Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK;4. Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;4. Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia;5. Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Division of Population Science, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA;7. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;8. Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;9. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Disease (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;10. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA;11. Department of Physiotherapy, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;12. School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia;13. School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA;14. European University, Madrid, Spain;15. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands;p. University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands;q. Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;r. Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;s. Physical Activity for Health Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;t. Primary Care Clinical Sciences, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;u. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;v. Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany;w. Faculty of Health, University of Antwerp, Belgium;x. National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;y. Athleticum – Competence Center for Sports- and Exercise Medicine and Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;z. Freemasons Foundation Centre of Men’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia;11. School of Medicine & Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia;12. Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia;13. Lane Fox Respiratory Research Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;14. Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;15. Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany;16. Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;17. University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;18. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK;19. Penn State Health, College of Medicine, and Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA;110. Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA;111. Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands;112. Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;113. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;114. Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA;115. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1p. Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1q. Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States;2. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States;3. Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States;4. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States;5. G.W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;6. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States;7. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States;8. Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States |
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| Abstract: | Observations of the twilight sodium emission from the 90 km level have been made at Mt. Torrens, a southern mid-latitude station, using a high resolution Fabry-Perot spectrometer. An outline of the analysis required to determine temperatures is presented. A winter mean temperature of 199 K and a summer mean temperature of 150 K are determined from 2 years of data. The diurnal tide is shown to produce a distinct difference between the dawn and dusk temperatures during late summer and autumn. |
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