The isobaric F2-layer |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam 1081 LA, The Netherlands;2. Department of Mathematics, Center for Research and Applications of Nonlinear Systems, University of Patras, Panepistimioupoli Patron 265 04, Patras, Greece;3. Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, Bonn 53113, Germany;1. Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands;2. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands;3. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;1. Centre for Nanoengineering and Tribocorrosion (CNT), University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;2. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia;3. Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology Private Mail Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana;4. Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria Campus, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. Architecture and Civil Engineering Research Center, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China;1. Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. (CICY), Yucatan, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico;3. Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Cyclic diagrams, obtained by plotting the daily variation of the ionospheric electron density NmF2 against the height hmF2, are drawn for typical conditions at Slough (52°N) and Watheroo (30°S). Using the MSIS86 thermospheric model to relate the heights hmF2 to values of atmospheric pressure, the F2-peak is found to lie at nearly the same pressure-level at any given local time, over a wide range of geophysical conditions (season, solar cycle, magnetic disturbance). As local time varies, the pressure level corresponding to hmF2 varies in a way that is mainly determined by the local time variation of the thermospheric winds. This is verified for noon and midnight, using the MSIS86 model to compute the winds. The noon values of peak electron density (NmF2) are fairly consistent with theory (using values of solar ionizing flux as quoted in the literature), but with some discrepancies—particularly at sunspot maximum—that are probably due to uncertainties in chemical composition, or to the effects of vibrational excitation of molecular nitrogen. Overall, the analysis shows a remarkable consistency between ionospheric theory, the data and the MSIS model. |
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