Explosive spread F caused by lightning-induced electromagnetic effects |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;4. Heilongjiang Mohe National Observatory of Geophysics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;1. National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, 15236 Penteli, Greece;2. Space Environment and Radio Engineering Group (SERENE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK;3. Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4440, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada;4. German Aerospace Center, 17235 Neustrelitz, Germany;5. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA;6. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, 01-673 Warsaw, Poland;7. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;8. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;9. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3040-004 Coimbra, Portugal;10. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3040-004 Coimbra, Portugal;11. Center for Advanced Public Safety, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;12. Yonsei University, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Seoul 03722, South Korea;1. United Nations African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education - English (UN-ARCSSTE-E), Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile Ife, Nigeria;2. Institute for Space‐Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;3. Institute for Space Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria;4. South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa;5. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa;6. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy;7. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), 00143, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The lightning-produced electromagnetic effects may produce significant modifications in the ionospheric plasmas. An outstanding phenomenon investigated in this paper is the so-called “explosive spread F”, whose close link with lightning has been identified (woodman R. F. and Kudeki E., 1984, Geophys. Res. Lett. 11, 1165). The parametric instability excited by the lightning-induced whistler waves is proposed as a potential source mechanism causing the explosive spread F. Some observed striking features of this phenomenon can be reasonably explained by the proposed mechanism. |
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