Coherent-array HF Doppler sounding of traveling ionospheric disturbances: I. Basic technique |
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| Institution: | 1. Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commissions (SUPARCO), Karachi, Pakistan;2. Theoretical Research Institute, Pakistan Academy of Sciences (TRIPAS), Islamabad, Pakistan;1. Space Research Institute, Prosp. Akad. Glushkova 40, Build. 4/1, 03187, MSP Kyiv-187, Ukraine;2. Institute of Radio Astronomy NAS of Ukraine, Chervonopraporna St. 4, 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine;1. Department of Physical Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria;2. Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria;1. Institute of Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;3. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;2. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | We present an introduction to the use of phase-coherent, multi-receiver HF Doppier sounding arrays for measuring the horizontal velocity of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID's). The point of departure is the theorem of Pfister (1971, J. atmos. terr. Phys. 33, 999) relating ray Doppler to ray zenith angle for a monostatic full reflection sounder. Retaining the simple model of a specular, smooth ionospheric reflector which is deformed by a propagating undulation, we first generalize the theorem to bistatic sounding geometry and then include the effects of amplitude in addition to phase. Next, these results are cast into an algorithm for treating multi-receiver phase sounders containing many diverse baselines, in order to obtain an accurate and unambiguous solution in the plane of wave slowness (inverse of velocity). The point spread function of this solution is controlled by process bandwidth and by array geometry. We illustrate the coherent-array approach using data from an eight receiver array during passage of a TID. |
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