论城市化发展的自然资源基础

我国正在实施可持续发展战略与城市化战略。城市化发展离不开自然资源基础,并对自然资源基础产生一系列复杂、深远的影响。本文首先阐释了城市化发展的自然资源基础的基本内涵,即资源供需矛盾是城市化的内在动力,资源稀缺与替代是对城市化自然资源基础保障作用的演绎与强化,资源综合优势是城市化持续发展的根本保证。同时提出自然资源对城市化发展的基础作用包括三种类型,即资源开发驱动型,资源结构制约型以及资源环境耦合型。并从资源开发、利用与管理等角度提出合理利用与保护自然资源基础,促进城市化持续健康发展的对策。

ON NATURAL RESOURCES BASE FOR URBANIZATION

At present, China is carrying out sustainable development and urbanization strategy. Natural resources base is indispensable to urbanization, and meanwhile is subjected to a series of complicated and far-reaching effects produced by the process of urbanization. In this paper, the basic meanings of natural resources base for urbanization is expounded at the beginning, that is, the conflict between supply and demand for resources is the internal drives for urbanization; resources scarcity and substitution becomes stronger as urbanization is developing; natural resources base with diversity in kind and abundance in amount constitutes the fundamental guarantee for sustainable development of urbanization. Then, the three types of urbanization are enumerated in terms of the action mechanism that natural resources base imposes on urbanization. The first kind refers to the urbanization induced by natural resources exploitation, for which the prosperity and decline of city is basically dominated by natural resources exploitation, especially in mining cites; the second type is the urbanization restricted by natural resources structure, in which certain kind of natural resource, such as water, often becomes the limiting factor for urban development in most cites; the last one might be classified as the urbanization influenced by the coupling of resources and environment, in which natural resources exploitation often induces environmental deterioration, especially in ecologically fragile areas, then the result together with the reason imposes on urbanization jointly. In the end of this paper, from the viewpoints of natural resources exploitation, utilization and management, the countermeasures of the rational utilization and protection of natural resources base are put forward in order to promote urbanization in a sustainable, healthful way, including to allocating resources rationally and increase the effects of natural resources utilization; implementing the strategy of natural resources substitution and protecting the key resources such as land and water; improving and conserving ecological environment and buildding new urban developing pattern during which natural resources base and environment act well-matched.