旅游地生态位的概念、原理及优化策略研究

随着区域旅游开发的进展,一定空间范围的区域开始形成为一个开放的系统,并且该系统内各旅游地的"定位"及其内部功能结构上的相似性和差异性都会直接影响到区域空间竞争的态势。文章以研究区域内旅游地的系统空间关系和发展策略为目标,引入生态学中的生态位理论,在旅游地生态位的概念进行界定的基础上,阐述了旅游地生态位的竞争原理和演变规律,并对区域旅游在协调开发过程中应该采取的生态位策略进行了探讨。

THE STUDY ON THE CONCEPTION, PRINCIPLE AND OPTIMIZED STRATEGIES OF TOURISM DESTINATION'S ECOLOGICAL NICHE

With the development of the tourism industry and regional tourism growth, many countries and regions think more of that how to coordinate the local spatial relations of the tourism destinations. Basing on the researches, this article believes that the tourism destination is a special life-form which can grow independently through continual adjusting and mutual benefiting with the surroundings, and then applies the niche theory of ecology into tourism field, points out the definition of tourism destination's ecological niche, discusses it's competitive principle and evolutive law in the respect of ecology view, and finally explains practical significance of optimized strategies in detail. Firstly, this paper puts the niche theory of ecology into tourism, analyzes the ecological phenomenon of tourist destination, and defines "tourism destination's ecological niche" as: "tourism destination's ecological niche is the function and station that tourism destination holds in the ecological survival space in a certain period, which not only reflects this tourism destination's spatial situation but also the situation of tourism factors such as resource, market, brand, information and service in the special period, range and environment." Secondly, this paper discusses the essential principle of tourism destination's ecological niche. According to the Gause theory from the ecology, the similar niche of different tourism destinations bring on the competition,the part of niche more overlap, the competition will be much fiercer. Thirdly, this article illustrates the overlap and separation strategy, the limit and expansion strategy of tourism destination's ecological niche detailedly. At last, this article makes a summary of the theoretic result of tourism destination's ecological niche, and indicates the practical significance of this study in the evaluation process of tourism resources, tourism planning and the development strategy of tourism.