基于环境监测的南京上坊孙吴墓环境风险评估

半地下砖石建筑遗产在发掘后，温度、含水量等环境条件的波动关联了包括干缩开裂、盐析、微生物生长等在内的诸多病害，使得半地下砖石建筑遗产加速劣化的风险上升，不利于文物价值的有效保护。为明确半地下砖石建筑遗址的依存环境与本体病害特征之间的关联性，本研究以南京上坊孙吴墓为研究对象，进行了现场调研测绘与病害勘察，并对上坊孙吴墓进行了为期一年的室内外环境监测，获取了室外气候、保护大棚内及各墓室内的温湿度等参数，分析了不同病害与依存环境的关联性，并基于环境监测数据评估了墓室内不同区域对应的本体材料劣化风险等级。结果表明，相比于前墓室，覆顶不存的后墓室会表现出更复杂的病害特征，即砖石类遗址在长期的环境波动状态下可能会比在较稳定的高湿环境中面临更高的保存风险。研究结果可为上坊孙吴墓以及同类型半地下砖石建筑遗址保护措施的科学制定提供有价值的参考。

Environmental risk assessment at the Shangfang Eastern Wu Tomb in Nanjing, based on environmental monitoring

After the excavation of underground masonry heritage sites, fluctuations in environmental conditions, such as temperature and water content, are associated with many diseases, including shrinkage and cracking, salting out and microbial growth, etc. These increase the risk of accelerated deterioration of underground masonry heritage sites and are not conducive to the effective conservation of cultural relic value. We took the Shangfang Eastern Wu Tomb in Nanjing as the research object in order to clarify the correlation between the dependent environment and disease characteristics of semi-underground masonry building sites. We carried out an on-site survey, mapping and disease investigation, and also conducted indoor and outdoor environmental monitoring of the tomb for one year using monitoring facilities such as a weather station and temperature and humidity recorders. Parameters (temperature and relative humidity) outside, inside the protective shelter and within each of the burial chambers were compared, and correlations between different diseases and their dependent environments were made. These clearly defined the corresponding risks of deterioration in different areas of the burial chamber and could provide a reliable basis for the preventive conservation of semi-underground masonry building sites such as the Shangfang Eastern Wu Tomb and other sites as well.