基于文化地理学视角的秦腔文化起源与扩散

秦腔起源于古代陕甘一带民间歌舞,流行于陕、甘、青、宁、新等地。本文从文化地理学的角度,采用文化扩散和整合的思维着重分析了秦腔文化形成的自然地理与社会原因,系统探讨了不同时期和地区秦腔文化的扩散类型、传播路径与整合特征。结果认为,秦腔文化扩散的主要方式是人口迁移与艺人游走,特点是多级化。秦腔文化景观反映当地发展史,是多种地域文化要素相互作用的产物,传播时的屏障作用具有正负双重影响。未来秦腔文化的发展要根植于群众并植入现代元素,以实现秦腔文化新的繁荣。

THE FORMATION AND THE DIFFUSION OF QIN OPERA CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

Qin Opera was developed from folk songs and dances in ancient Shaanxi and Gansu area, popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang province. It was included in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006. Qin Opera culture mentioned in this research paper consists of the early one(around 1780AD) and the late one(around 1807AD).From the perspective of cultural geography, using the mentality of cultural diffusion and cultural integration, this paper systematically analyzes the factors of the formation of the Qin Opera and the diffusion types, paths and integration. The conclusion are as follows:Firstly,the migration and the tour of artists is the main form of the diffusion of Qin Opera culture, showing the multi-level characteristics in the process of diffusion and integration, that is, the culture "A" incorporated by "B" would be then incorporated by another culture "C" in the mix of culture "B" and "C". Secondly, the static cultural landscape of Qin Opera culture reflects the dynamic social cultural history, including the main characteristics of different eras and how important changes and reformations influenced the emotion and the philosophy of local people. Thirdly, Qin Opera culture is the product of the interaction between various cultural elements developed in different areas. The similarities between cultures would live on, while the differences would be converted into what could be accepted by local people, and many local elements, such as music and dialects, would be implanted in it. Additionally, the barrier in the diffusion has both positive and negative effects, which on the one hand bans the cultural diffusion in some areas, but on the other hand encourages the diffusion in other areas. Furthermore, with the modern cultural globalization, the Qin Opera is waning because the contents are mainly based on ancient life, hard to have echoes in modern society. Therefore, Qin Opera should be rooted in public and be implanted with modern cultural elements properly in the future, in order to bring the Qin Opera back to life, and in turn, fuels the development and prosperity of Chinese cultural industry.