Special alloys from remote frontiers of the Shang Kingdom: scientific study of the Hanzhong bronzes from southwest Shaanxi, China |
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| Authors: | Kunlong Chen Thilo Rehren Jianjun Mei Congcang Zhao |
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| Affiliation: | aInstitute of Historical Metallurgy and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, PR China;bInstitute of Archaeology, University College London, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK;cSchool of Archaeology and Museology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, 710069 Xi'an, PR China |
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| Abstract: | More than 200 bronze objects found in Hanzhong, southwest Shaanxi Province, China, a frontier region of the Shang Kingdom during the Shang dynasty, have been analysed for their composition and microstructure. Forty-three typologically distinct, and probably culturally indigenous, items have been found to be compositionally distinctive as well. This paper presents analytical results of the two types of local Hanzhong bronzes, namely the sickle-shaped and sceptre-shaped objects. Three special alloys, arsenic bronze, antimonial bronze and copper–nickel–arsenic ternary alloy, are particularly emphasized and discussed. The archaeological context of Hanzhong bronzes and their significance for the archaeometallurgy research of the Shang period are discussed as well. |
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| Keywords: | Hanzhong bronzes Arsenic bronze Antimonial copper Copper– nickel– arsenic alloy Regional bronze culture |
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