王应麟《困学纪闻》的史学思想

王应麟在其《困学纪闻》一书中,为追求直书,求得名教之实而对修史者提出了严格的史德要求,反对由佞臣、贰臣秉笔修史,并分析了史官不能直笔的原因;同时,王应麟认为在史著中应该通过春秋笔法来明天理,正人伦,进而为统治者提供政治的鉴戒,以达到维护封建统治的目的。这种经世的学术价值观广泛地体现在《困学纪闻》的编次、语言风格以及对历史的评价之中,彰显了南宋末年一个理学家积极的入世情怀。

Views of History in Wang Yinglin's KUNXUE JIWEN

The scholar of South Song Wang Yinglin put forward a strict moral request for historian in his book KUNXUE JIWEN.The purpose of history for Wang Yinglin was to pursue the truthfulness of the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code.He argued against that crafty officials and turncoat officials composed history record,and also analyzed the reasons why they could not write down accurately.He thought history should express the Tianli and Renlun by Chunqiubifa in order to provide experience and lessons for rulers to vindicate the dominion.The purpose of the historiographical idea of Wang Yinglin is useful.This kind of idea materialized in the order of arrangement,language style and the evaluation of history in KUNXUE JIWEN,showing a historian's aggressive into real life in the last years of the period of South Song.