美国进步运动研究评述

从研究方法的角度看，国外主要是美国学界关于进步运动的研究大体可分为专题研究、综合研究与比较研究。特别是在20世纪70年代以来，进步运动研究超越民族国家范畴，在跨国比较研究方面取得了重大进展。从构成进步运动的主体看，19世纪末20世纪初的美国进步运动是由复杂多样的改革运动组成的，得到不同的变革力量的倡导与支持。作为改革的进步派不能简单地以阶级或阶层划线，他们因不同的问题忽而协同作战，转而又互为敌寇或各自为战。尽管进步运动具有多样性，但并不排斥其一致性或共性的存在。从进步运动的目标与内容看，它是一场新的历史条件下重建民主与资本主义的社会政治运动，而作为支持进步运动的意识形态，即进步主义，究其实质，是属于自由主义范畴的。作为全国范围内的首次变革运动，进步运动奠定了现代美国政治、经济与文化的基础。

Overview on the American Progressive Movement

Studies on the Progressive Movement in U.S. were divided into specific study, general study and comparative study by their method of study. In particular, research on the Progressive Movement has made headway on the transnational comparative study since 1970s. From the perspective of its leaders and participants, the Progressive Movement during the late 19th and early 20th century was made up of different and diverse reforms. Various classes of American society advocated and supported the Progressive Movement. The progressives have transcended simple classification along class. They put together and separated evel7 now and then under the different circumstances. Seen from its goals and agendas, it was social and political movement which rebuilding American democracy and capitalism under new historical circumstances. Moreover, Progressivism, as the ideology of the Progressive Movement, was essentially part of liberalism. Being the first national attempts of reform, the Progressive Movement oaved the way for the modem American state.