国外土地利用规划发展与借鉴

世界各国在社会制度、土地资源禀赋、经济水平和发展历史等方面都存在着差异,土地利用规划并没有统一的模式。所以学习国外经验,了解国外模式是非常重要的。通过大量文献综述,阐述了联合国粮农组织(FAO)、俄罗斯、美国、德国、英国、日本等国家土地利用规划体系、内容概况,对这些国家土地利用规划编制和实施的新理念、技术、方法的共同特点及发展趋势进行了分析比较和归纳总结。在此基础上,指出国外土地利用规划经验对我国规划借鉴的七个方面,以期为我国新一轮土地利用规划的修编提供积极的借鉴。

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE PLANNING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

Different countries and regions have differences in socio-economic system, land resources endowment, management systems and social economic development and history. There is no fixed pattern for land-use planning. So, it is very important to learn from foreign experience and to comprehend foreign models. In this paper, basic profile of land-use planning system and content of the UN Food and Agriculture (FAO), Russia, the United States, Germany, Britain, Japan and other countries are described through literature review. Common characteristics and development trend of new ideas, technologies and methods of these nations' land use planning preparation and implement are compared and summarized from the perspectives of theory, technology, method, common feature and trend. On this basis, land-use planning experience abroad can be learned from seven aspects was pointed out in order to provide a positive reference for the revision of China's new round of land-use planning. First, legal system of land-use planning should be instituted and improved as soon as possible. Second, strategies instead of indicators should be paid more attention to when compile land-use planning. So, the operability of land-use planning will be enhanced. Third, the protection of ecological environment closely integrated with the planning is the rules must be followed when compile the planning. Fourth, public participation should be introduced into all aspects of land-use planning and be determined by laws and regulations. Fifth, rational and scientific land-use planning system should be established. The system consists of control planning, guidance planning and construction planning. Sixth, in the case of China, foreign land-use planning theories and methods should be introduced selectively. Theory and methods of land-use planning suited to China's national conditions should be formed. Seventh, centralized planning preparation management team and implementing agency should be established.