扎根理论视角下旅游非正式部门成长路径——以安徽西递古村为例

以安徽西递古村的旅游非正式部门为研究对象,运用扎根理论研究方法,通过聚焦编码、轴心编码、理论编码三步骤,分析案例地旅游非正式部门的成长路径。研究发现:1旅游非正式部门发展在符合生命周期基本理论基础上,具有新特色。随着阶段推进,主导影响因素由单一向多元转变,外部影响因素的作用力愈渐加强。2精英带动在旅游非正式部门发展起步阶段起主导作用并以粗放开发为特色;利益驱动下旅游非正式部门过度扩张使得同质竞争激烈化,经营边际收益减少;家庭结构与社区影响造成经营固化与惯性,社会政策带来经营萎缩,经营者试图通过寻租及名望身份赋加的形式改变困境,增强对经济之外的其他诉求(如名望、人际),促进了旅游非正式部门对自我身份重新审视与再定位。3社区力量在市场饱和后以隐性道德伦理手段维持既有市场结构平衡状态,成为市场竞争调控手段新补充。

THE GROWTH PATH OF TOURISM INFORMAL SECTOR BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY: A CASE OF XIDI ANCIENT VILLAGE IN ANHUI

Chooses tourism informal sector in Xidi ancient village as studied case, applies the grounded theory to analyze the growth path of local tourism informal sector which contains three main steps, namely focus coding, axis coding and theory coding. The research finds that the time span length of the growth path in Xidi is 30 years, and the path includes four stages:involvment stage, development stage, rapid expansion stage and inertia bottleneck stage. Now it is facing a tough choice for identity of "reposition". It is concluded that:Firstly, tourism informal sector possesses its own features based on conforming to the life cycle theory. Dominant factors transfer from single to diversified with the boost of those stages, and the power of external influence factors are increasingly strengthened. Secondly, in involvment stage, elites promotion has taken a main role and led to extensive development for informal sector. Then, personal difference, tourism development background and tourist increasing demands stimulate the expands of operation scale and improvement of product quality, which promote the informal sector to be mature. Thirdly, community influence is able to maintain current market keeping balanced by using recessive moral ethics method when local tourism market is saturating, thereby becoming a complementary control measure for market competition. The paper puts forward the logical transmission of route and determinants of Xidi's tourism informal sector, which has universality to some similar cases, it means to offer enlightenment for the theoretical study in this field.