快速工业化城市职住空间平衡与过剩通勤研究——以中山为例

过剩通勤是衡量城市居民职住空间组织和通勤效率的重要指标。本文以快速工业化城市中山市为例,采用2012年中山市交通调查数据,分析中山市职住空间平衡与过剩通勤状况。通过线性规划模型计算发现,中山市居民的通勤距离、过剩通勤率(E)、通勤容量(C_u)使用率均普遍小于国内大城市和西方城市。城市空间结构与土地利用、产业结构与就业结构对中山市的通勤特征的形成有重要的影响。过剩通勤各项指标与户籍、职业类型和家庭收入有显著的相关性。表现为家庭收入越高,过剩通勤率相对较高。机关事业单位和企业行政办公人员通勤效率较低,而产业工人通勤效率较高。非本市户籍人口通勤效率高于本市户籍人口。

JOB-HOUSING BALANCE AND EXCESS COMMUTING IN RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF ZHONGSHAN

under the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization, excessive separation of workplace and residence will bring many problems such as traffic congestion, social space isolation. Excess commuting is an important indicator for measuring the spatial organization of job-housing and commuting efficiency of urban residents. Using the rapid industrialization in Zhongshan city as an example, this paper adopts 2012's traffic survey data in Zhongshan and analysis the spatial organization efficiency and excess commuting for urban residents' job and housing. It's found that excess commuting rate (E) is 42%, and commuter capacity utilization (C_u)is 3.36% in Zhongshan in 2012. Compared with big cities in the domestic existing research, the average worker commuting distance is relatively short and also far less than western cities in Zhongshan. Excess commuting rate is only higher than that of Xi'an and lower than big cities such as Beijing and Guangzhou. commuter capacity utilization (C_u) is much lower than that of domestic and western cities. So, commuting efficiency in Zhongshan is higher than domestic big cities from existing domestic relative research. Excess commuting rate has significant correlation with the respondents' household registration, the types of professional and household income which is characterized that household income is higher, excess commuting rate is higher. Workers in organs and institutions and enterprise administrative staff have relatively lower commuting efficiency, and agricultural workers and industry workers have relatively higher commuting efficiency. And also, migrants have higher commuting efficiency. Compared with other big and middle scale cities from existing research, relatively lower housing price, smaller difference between central city and towns in housing price and public service are main reasons for relative lower excess commuting rate in Zhongshan.