景区游客拥挤感知多维度内涵及其影响机制研究——以三清山为例

拥挤感知是主体对客观环境的一种反馈,当前旅游拥挤的研究主要集中在景区承载力和容量方面,从人地关系角度出发探讨个体对空间使用程度之评价的研究仍不成熟。本文结合旅游景区游客交往特征,提出游客拥挤的物理拥挤感知和社交拥挤感知维度。以三清山世界自然遗产为案例地,检验了游客拥挤感知两个维度的影响因素。得出以下结论:1游客在景区的拥挤感知可以分为物理拥挤感知和社交拥挤感知两个维度;2各因素对游客拥挤感知不同维度影响存在显著差异,不良行为接触感知是造成游客物理拥挤和社交拥挤感知的最重要因素;3各类因素的影响主要是对游客社交拥挤的调节作用,物理拥挤感知主要受空间使用程度及与他人不良行为接触影响。

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONNOTATION AND ANTECEDENTS OF TOURIST CROWDING PERCEPTIONS: A CASE STUDY IN MOUNT SANQINGSHAN

Plenty of work has been done to explore the explanation to tourist perception of crowding. Crowding is not only a direct function of physical density, but the arousal depending largely on the person's needs. From this perspective, crowding is a multidimensional concept. This research attempt to identify the multidimensional connotation and the antecedents of crowding perceptions. Crowding can be considered in terms of the construct of thwarting, which implies the arousal of frustration in a person is resulting from the interference in his activities or motives. Research conducted in non-recreational settings also suggests that the feeling of crowdedness is influenced by a variety of types of variables. A case study of world heritage Mount Sanqingshan is taken during June 2013. The measurement indicators for both dimensions are proposed and testified. The influence of personal characteristics and characteristics of those encountered are tested. The main conclusions are as following:Crowding perceived by tourist of mountain resorts fills into two dimensions:physical crowding and social crowding. Whereas in physical crowding a violation of spatial expectations relates primarily to the physical dimensions of the environment which manifests as thwarting use of tourism resources or public facilities; social crowding thwarts expectations concerning the adequacy of the social environment which mostly appears when the present of other tourist causes conflicts or unpleasant experience. The effects of the factors on crowding perceptions are quite different. While encountering with other tourists' misbehaviors is the most important factor that effects both dimensions of crowding perception, the influence mainly effects on social dimension of tourist crowding perceptions in general.