中国城市社区的异质性社会结构与街坊/邻里关系研究

中国城市社区的邻里交往自从住房市场化以来一直处于较低水平,本文从个体、家庭和社区三方面分析促进街坊/邻里关系水平的因素。研究发现,高度异质性社区中的街邻关系水平低于低度异质性社区,具有普遍性的异质性负效应,在社区层次对街坊/邻里关系水平发挥选择性削弱作用。不同异质性社会结构的城市社区中,家庭纽带提供的情感和切实的支持对家庭成员的街邻融合有积极的作用。居民社团活动参与率在不同异质性类型社区中能有效提高街邻关系水平,表现出并存的正效应。社区组织举办的活动频率能促进街邻关系水平的前提是居民能成为参与者。街邻关系水平较低的群体,动员性的活动参与可以提高其街邻关系水平。

REASEARCH ON HETEROGENEOUS SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONSHIP IN URBAN COMMUNITIES

Neighborhood association in urban communities has been low-level since the change of the Chinese housing market. This paper analyzed three factors of individuals, families and communities that would promote the neighborhood relationship. According to the economic heterogeneity and heterogeneity of occupational category, we constructed four types of heterogeneous social structures of the community. They were low heterogeneous communities, high heterogeneous communities, communities of low economic heterogeneity-high occupational heterogeneity, and communities of high economic heterogeneity-low occupational heterogeneity. It showed that the level of neighborhood relationship was higher in the low heterogeneity community than that in high heterogeneity community. The pervasive negative effects of heterogeneity at community level played a role of selective weakening on neighborhood relationship. Firstly, the two variables of individual education and income had no effect on neighborhood relationship. Secondly, from the viewpoint of the family factor, the situation of that member of nuclear family and immediate family, or joint family, or the family of grandparent and grandchildren living together had higher level of neighborhood relationship, while compared to that of a person living alone.Thirdly, from the factors at community level, the difference of neighborhood relationship between commercial housing communities and other communities was obvious just in low heterogeneity of community. Fourth, No matter in what types of heterogeneous communities, the participation rate in social activities could effectively improve the neighborhood relations level, and it showed a positive coexisting effect.