城市宜居性与旅游发展关系研究——基于面板数据的分析

本文关注城市宜居性与旅游发展互动关系,在理论模型基础上,运用因子分析、熵值法、面板回归等对我国35个大中城市数据进行实证分析。研究发现:城市宜居性可以分为丰富的物质文化生活、便利的公共服务、健康舒适的生活环境、良好的社会福利和安全的生产生活等五个维度;城市宜居性对旅游发展具有持续地促进作用,该作用受到对外交通、潜在市场规模和对外经济发展水平的正向调节;适度的旅游发展提升城市宜居水平,过度的旅游发展对城市宜居性具有不利影响;根据旅游发展相对水平,可将对应城市分为优先推动组、推动组、适度控制组和控制组;北京、天津、杭州、广州、深圳、重庆、武汉等地的旅游业发展对城市宜居性的威胁较大。

RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN LIVABILITY AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF PANEL DATA

With the transformation of city functions from material production to human-oriented supply, and the transformation of the mass tourism motivation from sightseeing activities to leisure-oriented activities, it has become more and more important to investigate the relationship between urban livability and tourism development in cities in order to achieve the coordinated development of urban functions and sustainable urban growth. This paper focuses on the complex and multi-faceted interaction between urban livability and tourism activities. As an important source of tourism attraction and the foundation of tourist activity, urban livability will push the tourism development in the destination city. Meanwhile, tourism development has both promoting and inhibitory effect on urban livability. On the one hand, along with the tourism development, there are internal and external driving force which enhance the livability of urban. On the other hand, once the extreme of tourism capability is threatened, some degradation of the production and living environment will appear. Based on a conceptual model, this paper undertakes an empirical statistical analysis, including factor analysis, entropy method, and panel regression estimate models, of the data of 35 large and mediumsized cities of China in the years 2003-2012. Exploratory factor analysis is carried out to estimate the conceptual construction of the urban livability. Entropy method, based on the indictors of tourism income and reception, is used to measure the level of tourism development comprehensively. The results shows that urban livability can be divided into five determining factors, which are:an abundant material and cultural life; convenient public services; a healthy and comfortable living environment; good social welfare; and security of production and living. On the whole, urban livability has a positive influence on tourism development, and the performance of each of the five factors appears to vary in eastern, central and western cities.