失地农民就业空间特征及行为模式研究——以安徽省芜湖市为例

以芜湖市失地农民为研究对象,利用2014年的实地调研数据,运用GIS空间分析、地理集中指数和空间使用曲线等方法,探讨芜湖市失地农民就业空间特征、行为模式及影响因素。研究表明,芜湖市失地农民就业以本地就业为主,空间呈大集中、小分散的格局,为单中心的社区圈层模式。在市域尺度上本地就业在空间上呈现郊区为就业热区,城区相对较少;社区尺度上,就业地主要集中在社区范围内,短距离就业为主,主要集中在1-5km距离段,其中2km处出现就业人数高峰。就业空间行为模式类型多样,本地-就业型占主导地位。失地农民的自身属性特征及思维定式影响和制约着其对就业空间行为的决策;城市化过程中制度转型与空间重构实现了郊区产业集聚格局以及社区周边的城市就业环境,为失地农民就近就业创造机会。

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF LANDLESS FARMERS' EMPLOYMENT: A CASE STUDY OF WHHU IN ANHUI PROVINCE

Based on GIS spatial analysis, geographic concentration index and spatial use curve etc methods, the characteristics of behavior pattern and influencing factors, as well as the employment spatial features of landless farmers in Wuhu city were discussed. According to the studies, most of these landless farmers in Wuhu city had found a job locally, which appears a pattern of grand centralization and small dispersion, and is a single center circle pattern of community. In the city scale, the spatial characteristics of local employment is that suburban became the hotspots place choosed by employment, while a small amount landless farmers chose the job in urban district. In community scale, employment mainly concentrated within the communities, which are primarily short distance employment, concentrated within the distance range from 1 to 5 km, and employment peak appeared at the distance of 2 km. The employment spatial behavior of landless farmers is mainly affected by the individual attributes, path dependence, the employment environment of the surrounding cities and the urban industrial agglomeration. For male landless farmers to obtain employment, the higher the cultural degree the stronger the information ability, employment space range is larger, while women and older landless farmers employment space range is smaller. In the process of urbanization, the system transformation and spatial restructuring facilitate the formalization of the rural industry agglomeration pattern and city employment environment surrounded the communities, at the same time create more opportunities for the landless farmers to find jobs nearby.