发达国家城市收缩现象及其对中国的启示

城市收缩是发达国家在工业化与城市化过程中普遍存在的现象,城市收缩对发达国家经济社会转型、城市空间结构转变产生了深刻影响,在对城市收缩有效治理过程中形成的精明收缩与弹性城市理论对快速发展的工业化国家具有积极的借鉴意义。本文对发达国家城市收缩的现象与事实进行了系统梳理与分析,分析了城市收缩的特征与空间模式,探讨了城市收缩的形成机制和城市收缩的应对措施,并对西方发达国家城市收缩现象对我国的启示形成了几点认识。

URBAN SHRINKAGE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA

The process of the development of western cities indicates that urban shrinkage is restricted by the transformation of social institution and economy, de-industrialization, suburbanization, economic globalization and natural disaster and so on, therefore, urban shrinkage is the normal performance of social and economic development during evolution of urban, and is able to take place in all cities. Urban shrinkage has several features that they are a large of number of people loss, industry to replace disconnect, urban land idle and deterioration of urban environment. Consequently, urban shrinkage has a profound impact on the transformation of economy and society and the reconstruction of urban space structure of developed countries. In order to effectively run the shrinking cities, the countermeasures, that is shrinking smart and a resilient city, are taken shape in the western countries. By reducing the scale of urban and enhancing the economic diversity, a shrinking city is revived, which has a positive reference to the rapid development of industrialized countries, such as China. In view of the condition, the literature sorts the phenomenon and fact of urban shrinkage in the developed countries, including concept of urban shrinkage, characteristics and patterns of urban shrinkage, and explores the mechanism of formation and response to urban shrinkage. Then, we analyze Chinese urban shrinkage's mechanism, including the core-periphery effect of urban agglomeration development, large scale and disorder development of urban space, de-industrialization and the increasing of labor cost, reveal the manifestations of the existing urban shrinkage, including "post-northeast phenomenon", "hollow towns", "ghost towns", "resource exhausted cities" and "small coastal cities" on the basis of the stage of Chinese urban development and the background of economic development. At last, we propose some steps to response to the developing trend of Chinese cities, including shrinking smart mechanism, diversification of urban development, land bank, green space storage institution and adjustment of urban development.