广东地名语言文化空间结构及景观特征分析

作为语言符号,地名是人类群体活动、经济开发和区域文化进程中的集中体现。广东地名层从语种上明显可以分为三个层次:古越语地名层、地方方言地名层和全国通用语地名层。从时间上看,唐代以前,广东地名基本上属古越语时期,宋至明和清前期为南方方言地名时期,清末以来为北方书面语地名时期;从空间上看,广东地方方言地名层大抵在宋代已基本形成,清代最终形成粤方言、客家方言和福佬语地名文化景观三分广东的空间分布格局,粤方言地名层主要集中于珠三角及邻近地名,客家方言地名层位于北江和东江间的广大山区、丘陵地带,粤东韩江地区则多是福佬地名文化层;从形成原因分析,广东地名层主要归究于历史时期移民、区域人内口繁衍和土地大规模开发,加之人地矛盾日渐突出又为族群地名文化扩散提供了条件,而社会制度的发展和健全,最终成为广东地名层语言文化景观形成的重要机制

ANALYSIS ON CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE NAME IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Place name is certain name of a natural or human geographic entity of specific spatial locations.As the product of human activity,the formation of place names owns profound geographical,historical and cultural background,not only reflecting regional historical development and the reality of the natural geographical features,but also recording numerous cultural landscape information including local prosperity,social change,economic production and migration.The paper aims to analyze place names in Guangdong province from the perspectives of the place name groups,origins,dialects with grammars and cultural landscapes carrying with quantitative method and mathematical statistics method.The result shows that there are three place name sequent occupations obviously in Guangdong in the view of language structure,which are ancient Yue language gradation,local dialect layer including Cantonese,Hakka dialect and Holo language,and common gradation of the county.From the time point,place names in Guangdong province were essentially ancient Yue language names before Tang Dynasty,southern local dialects names from Song Dynasty to the first Qing Dynasty while northern written language names since the last Qing Dynasty.From the view of space,local dialect place name layers in Guangdong have came into being basically in the Song Dynasty while it was formed finally that the distribution of place name landscapes in Guangdong province was divided into three parts with Cantonese which mainly lies in the Pearl River delta and the west and southwest of Guangdong province,Hakka dialect mainly located the southeast,and Holo language mainly distributed in the east and northeast in the Qing Dynasty.