北京居民日常休闲行为的性别差异

休闲的性别差异研究是西方休闲研究的重要研究主题。本文以北京市2007年居民活动日志问卷调查数据作为基础,多角度地分析了居民日常休闲行为中的性别差异。研究发现:男性拥有更多的休闲机会;女性休闲时间显著少于男性,并要花费更多时间在家务和照料活动,同时,女性更乐意将时间用在社交活动,而男性更倾向于将时间用在体育锻炼和上网活动;对于休闲地点的选择,男性和女性居民选择家内和家外休闲差异不大,但对于文化娱乐活动,男性平均出行距离更远,女性更倾向于选择较近的地点;在休闲中,男性倾向于一个人休闲而女性更倾向与家人一起休闲,表明女性更重视休闲活动中的社会关系。

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN DAILY LEISURE BEHAVIOR OF BEIJING RESIDENTS

Researches about gender and leisure in the past twenty years have expanded and become one of the important research focuses of leisure research in western countries as researchers from around the world have examined leisure behavior and its meanings from a range of cultural,theoretical perspectives.It was demonstrated that constraints were a function of the cultural interpretation and institutionalization of gender.Some research concluded that women had less time to take part in leisure activities and were lack of empowerment than men due to social meaning of roles,unequal power,and cultural expectations.On the whole,understanding the relationship between gender and leisure behavior has been a useful way to probe new ideas about leisure.Comparing with the rapid development in leisure research in west countries,researches on leisure behavior in China,especially that focus on gender difference in leisure behavior are just beginning,but increasing gradually since human geography concerns more and more about life quality and social equality.Thus,the authors statistically test a series of gender differences in resident’s daily leisure behavior using the first-hand data from the activity daily survey of Beijing in 2007.It is demonstrated that male and female residents differ significantly in four aspects: men have significantly more leisure opportunities than women.Although women joined in the labor market more and more,they still have to take primarily responsibility to do the housework and child-care work which decrease the probability to enjoy their free time and join in leisure activities.Another difference is that men spend more time on leisure activities than women totally while women spend more time on housework and family-member-care activities.Referring to leisure space choice,male and female residents has no significantly difference in choosing outdoor leisure activities,buts men are more likely to choose further places than women when they take part in cultural entertainment activities.Finally,men would like to do leisure activities by their own,but women prefer to share leisure activities with family members,indicating that men pay more attention to their own experience,and women pay more attention to social relationship in leisure activities.