多面的弄潮兒:沈戟儀與清末民初的私塾改良

清末十年,各種改良風起雲湧,蔚爲大觀,深刻影響後來的中國社會。時人觀念更新同時,難免追逐即時現實利益。1905年,上海人沈戟儀(亮棨)發起私塾改良總會,推廣私塾改良是其中一例。科舉停廢,舊式學塾地位看似急轉直下。候補縣丞沈戟儀應時而起,以有利條件出而宣導,暴得大名。但他不全注重公益,反有牟利嫌疑,事業遭遇困境。辛亥革命帶來的社會變動,給予沈氏新的活動空間。以公益示人的改良者實有多重人格,刻意隱去不佳形象一面,以致後來學者對此類事實了解不多。雁過終有留聲,若有心用力收集相對全面之史料,可發覆故實,窺知清季民初詭譎多變的人心世相。

Shen Jiyi and the Improvement of the Old-Style Private School at Late Qing Dynasty

In 1905,Shen Jiyi (Liang Qi),a shanghai resident,founded the union of reforms of the old-style private school(Sishu),which could be a typical example to promote reforms of that.When the imperial examination system was abolished,the old-style private school became worse and worse.Shen Jiyi conformed to the situation and advocated reforming the old system with his advantages.Thereby,he became a national celebrity overnight from an alternate county magistrate.But he paid no attention to the public welfare at a...