“科學”的限度:辛亥时期革命語境下的學術與道德

1904年後,隨着革命形勢的高漲,中國學人不約而同地在學術之外尋求道德力量以圖救亡。改良者限制"科學"概念於形下,同時改造傳統的道德之圍,以迎合進化;革命者出於精神動員的需要,完成了"科學"話語的形而上轉换;游移於革命與改良之間者,徑取西方反思現代科學的唯心主義思潮,試圖超越生存競爭中的道德困境。此一時期,中國"科學"概念正抽離出學術本身,演變成一個進化/退化的二元話語基礎,在"物質主義"和"科學主義"兩個相反向度被批判,或是被宣揚,作爲學術的"科學"反而隱而不彰。

The Limited Scope of Science: Academic and Moral Development in the Context of the Revolutionary

After 1904,with the upsurge of the revolutionary situation,Chinese scholars sought to save the country invariably by moral force outside the academic study.Reformers limited the concept of science in the metaphysics,and also modified the scope of traditional moral to meet the evolution.Revolutionaries converted the discourse of science to the metaphysical in order to achieve the purpose of spiritual mobilization.Those wavering between the revolution and the improvement accepted directly the western idealist...