从光谱角度研究博物馆照明对染色丝绸的影响

光照是引起染色丝绸褪色的主要环境因素之一。为评价博物馆照明对染色丝绸的褪色影响,实验研究了博物馆常用照明LED灯、荧光灯、卤素灯对茜草、苏木、栀子、黄檗、紫草、槐米、靛蓝七种植物染料染色丝绸样品的褪色影响,从灯光的发射光谱结合染色样品的光反射率曲线角度尝试进行了分析。研究结果显示由于卤素灯在低波段的能量较低,对各种染色丝绸样品的褪色影响最小,低于常见的LED灯与荧光灯;3000K色温的灯光对褪色的影响基本上低于4000K色温的灯光。由于染料的不同,其褪色敏感波段不同,造成各种照明对其褪色影响程度有差异。因此为了更好地保护文物,博物馆照明应结合文物的特质,从照明发射光谱角度综合考虑,研发博物馆专用的照明灯具。

Research on the fading of dyed silk exposed in museum lighting as a function of spectrum

Light is one of the main environmental factors that cause fading of dyed silk. To evaluatethe fading of dyed silk undermuseum lighting, this study measured the difference in colorof dyed silk samples before and after light exposure tests. The silk samples were dyed by seven vegetable dyes such as madder, Caesalpiniasappan, gardenia, berberine, gromwell, pagoda tree buds and indigo usingtraditional methods. The light test lamps were those commonly used in museums,including LED lamps, fluorescent lamps and halogen lamps.The results were analyzed by measuring the light emission spectrum in combination with light reflectance spectrumof dyed samples. From these tests several conclusions were drawn. Because the emission spectrum of halogen lamp has its lowest energy at longwavelength its effect on fading for the various dyeing silk samples are the lowestlower than common LED and fluorescent lamps. The light of 3000K color temperature causes less fadingthan 4000K color temperature light. Because the different dyes are sensitive at differentwave lengths, there are differences in thedegrees of fading for various types of lighting. So in order to better protect cultural relics, museum lighting should be designed with consideration of the light emission spectrum characteristics of the museum objects. Specialty museum lighting should be researched and developed.