福蒂斯丘与英法封建君主制比较

福蒂斯丘爵士是15世纪英国的法学家和政治理论家,他最早研究了中世纪末英国的君主制类型及其与其他君主制的区别。他的特殊经历使其首次提出英国实行的是"政治且王室的统治",以区别于法国的"王室的统治"。上述两种类型的封建君主制在形成过程和统治方式上大相径庭,统治结果也截然分明,两者的优劣判若两途。福蒂斯丘有关"政治且王室的统治"的理论不仅揭示了中世纪末英国封建君主制的类型,对宪政理论的发展也具有奠基意义。

Sir John Fortescue and the Comparison of Feudal Monarchy in England and France

Sir Fortescus was an English jurist and political theorist in the 15 th century.He was the first to study the types of monarchy in England at the end of the middle Century and the differences between them and other monarchies.His special experience made him propose for the first time that Britain is“political and royal rule”to distinguish it from France’s“royal rule”.The above two types of feudal monarchies are very different in the formation process and the way of ruling,and the results of the ruling are also distinct.The pros and cons of the two are quite different.His theory of“politics and royal rule”not only reveals the type of British feudal monarchy at the end of the Middle Ages,but also has a foundational significance for the development of constitutional theory.