钚-239的生产与苏联核计划

苏联核计划中使用的核裂变材料主要有钚-239和铀-235,其中钚-239的生产率先取得成功，1949年8月29日苏联试爆的第一颗原子弹РДС-1所使用的核裂变材料便是钚-239。1949年之前，钚-239的生产具有试验性特征，1949年之后，钚-239进入了工业规模化的生产阶段。在钚-239的工业生产阶段，反应堆技术、放射化学技术和化学冶金技术都不断完善，实现了产能提高、成本下降、安全生产等目标，形成了完善的钚工业综合体，不仅为俄罗斯联邦留下了丰厚的钚产品，还为其钚-239的生产奠定了坚实基础。

Plutonium-239 Production and Soviet Nuclear Program

The main nuclear fissile materials used in the Soviet nuclear program were plutonium-239 and uranium-235,of which plutonium-239 production was the first to be successful,the nuclear fissile material used in the first Soviet atomic bomb that called RDS-1 test explosion on August 29,1949 was plutonium-239.Prior to 1949,the production of plutonium-239 was experimental in character,and after 1949 it entered the stage of industrial-scale production.During the stage of industrial production of plutonium-239,reactor technology,radiochemical technology and chemical metallurgy technology had been improved,achieving the goals such as increased capacity,reduced costs and safe production,forming a complete plutonium industrial complex,it not only left rich plutonium products for the Russian Federation,but also laid a solid foundation for the production of plutonium-239.