20世纪30年代全国制造工厂的区域布局——兼论后发大国工业化的空间及规模质量提升进程

1933年全国共有制造工厂4372家，分布在27个省区的391个县市，总体上呈现东部沿海制造工厂“连片发展”、中西部省区接受东部产业转移而形成的制造工厂“散点分布”的态势。这与东部和中西部的资源禀赋、交通条件、进入国际国内市场的深度和广度不同密切相关。与欧洲工业化先行国不同，20世纪前30年中国东部制造业的“连片发展”和中西部制造业的“散点分布”,不仅有赖于国际市场与国际贸易的引领和促进，更离不开国内超大市场的有力支撑，特别是后者，在一定程度上成为国内制造业应对20世纪30年代全球经济危机的“避风港”。不过，缺乏统一强大的国家政权推动的中国工业化进程，仍然面临国内超大市场启动乏力、东中西部空间隔阂、区域间的产业竞争激烈、农矿资源与资金人才市场配置不当等问题。

Regional Distribution of Manufacturing Factories in China in the 1930s:An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution and Scale and Quality Improvement Process Regarding the Industrialization of Late-Developing Big Powers

Based on our revision and update of the data provided in Liu Dajun’s Chinese Industries Survey Report,this article proposes that there were 4372 manufacturing factories in China in 1933,scattering in 391 counties and cities in 27 Chinese provinces. In eastern coastal areas,manufacturing factories were largely concentrated in "a manufacturing belt"while in the central and western parts of China,which hosted the manufacturing factories transferred from eastern provinces,manufacturing factories scattered widely across different places. Such a distribution pattern was closely related to the differences between eastern provinces and central and western provinces in natural endowment,transportation facilities,and the depth and scope of engaging in domestic and international markets. Different from early industrialized European countries,China formed a distinctive regional distribution of manufacturing factories in the 1930s,which rested on international market and international trade on the one hand and the huge domestic market on the other. The domestic market,in particular,became a "sanctuary" for Chinese manufacturing factories to weather the global economic crisis in the 1930s. Nevertheless,in the absence of a unified and powerful political regime,Chinese industrialization were still plagued by sluggish development of domestic market,lack of integration among the eastern,central and western parts of China,intensified industry competition among different regions,and mismatch between agricultural and mineral resources on the one hand and capital and talents on the other.