水性雾润纸张脱酸方法中的古书画字迹洇化扩散研究

水溶液脱酸法是酸化纸张常用的脱酸方法,然而水相脱酸容易导致字迹,特别是水溶性字迹的洇化扩散(或称晕染、跑墨),这种现象一直是学术和行业研究的难点与痛点。本工作研究了纸张的浸润性质和字迹颜料的扩散性质,讨论了不同纸张、字迹颜料在脱酸过程中的防洇化安全性,提出了洇化临界加湿量的概念。研究表明洇化临界加湿量与字迹的溶解性、纸张浸润性直接相关:字迹的水溶性越好、纸张的浸润性越好(k值越大),则字迹越易洇化扩散、临界加湿量越小。雾润脱酸方法具有加湿量精确可调控、雾滴颗粒尺寸小且分布均匀的特点,能够根据纸张浸润性(k值)和字迹材料的溶解性,精确调控脱酸剂用量,使其低于洇化临界加湿量,进而避免字迹洇化现象的发生。研究结果为纸张文献的安全脱酸提供了可以选择的方法,为脱酸设备的开发和使用提供了科学依据。

Research on the diffusion property of paper handwriting of ancient calligraphy and paintings in aqueous-phase mist deacidification

Aqueous-phase deacidification is a commonly used method for paper deacidification. However, it easily leads to the diffusion of handwriting (ink smearing/running), especially water-soluble handwriting, which has always been a difficulty in academic and industrial research. In our research, the wettability of papers and the diffusion properties of writing pigments were studied in detail, the anti-diffusing safety of papers and pigments in the process of deacidification was discussed, and the concept of diffusion critical moisture capacity was proposed. The results show that the diffusion critical moisture capacity is directly related to the solubility of writing pigments and the wettability of paper fibers:the better the water solubility of pigments and the wettability of paper fibers, the smaller the diffusion critical moisture capacity. The mist deacidification method has the characteristics of precisely adjustable amount of humidification and uniformly distributed small size of droplet particles. This method can accurately control the amount of deacidification agent according to the wettability of paper (k value) and the solubility of writing materials, in order to avoid the diffusion of handwriting. This work provides a feasible method for paper deacidification with good safety, and a scientific basis for the development and use of deacidification equipment.