透明类珠宝文物修复技术的研究

透明类珠宝文物修复是当前文物修复保护的难题之一。由于该类文物透明度较高,因此对修复精度以及修复材料的透明度、渗透性等方面提出更高的要求。与之相对的是,当前透明类珠宝文物修复的研究较少,其修复往往仅是简单拼接,缺少一种可行的高精度修复方法和相应的修复材料。在文物修复理念的指导下,本工作以多种修复材料为样本,进行科学的模拟试验。从对接紧密度、透明度、渗透性等角度对修复材料进行多次测试评估后发现,Hxtal NYL-1(海克斯塔)的效果最为理想。而后,通过对比和研究当前破损文物的高精度修复方法,结合透明类珠宝文物特性,设计出一套以负压法原理为基础的透明类珠宝文物修复方法。这种方法能够强化修复材料的渗透能力,解决粘接、补配中的定位问题,通过研磨膏的打磨、抛光,能够进一步消除修复痕迹。最后,将这种修复方法和相应的修复材料成功应用于一件合浦汉墓出土的水晶、绿柱石串饰的修复,并达到了预期的修复效果,进一步验证了这种透明类珠宝文物修复方法的可行性和科学性。

Study of the restoration technology for transparent jewelry relics

The restoration of transparent jewelry relics is one of the difficulties encountered in the restoration and conservation of cultural relics. Because of the high transparency of such cultural relics, higher requirements are needed for restoration, transparency and permeability of restoration materials. Current research on the restoration of transparent jewelry relics is relatively not enough, and the restoration is often just simple splicing—because of a lack of practical high-precision restoration methods and corresponding restoration materials. To meet this need, a scientific simulation trial was carried out with a variety of restoration materials. After several tests and evaluation of the restoration materials from the perspectives of joint tightness, transparency and permeability, etc., it was found that the effect of Hxtal NYL-1 was the most reasonable. Then, by comparing and studying the current high-precision restoration methods for damaged cultural relics, in combination with the characteristics of transparent jewelry relics, a set of restoration methods for transparent jewelry relics using a vacuum process was designed. This method was able to strengthen the permeability of the restoration materials, solve the positioning problems in bonding and patching, and further eliminate the repair traces through the polishing with abrasive paste. Finally, this restoration method and corresponding restoration materials were successfully applied to the restoration of a crystal and beryl bead set unearthed from a Han Dynasty tomb in Hepu. The expected restoration effect was achieved, which further verified the feasibility and scientific soundness of the restoration method and materials for transparent jewelry relics.