从生态系统的角度透视明代的流民现象──以黄河中下游流域的山西、河北为中心

在探究明代中、后期人口大量逃流的原因时，多有强调赋役繁重及地主阶级对土地的大量兼并，这固然是不可忽视的事实。但从全国范围来看，北方的流民以山西为多，而且，山西流民潮发生的时间早，人数也比较多。因此，除上述原因，本文从反映人与生态环境关系的生态系统角度对明代的流民现象进行了分析。

The People Leaving Their Native Places in the Ming Dynasty: A Perspective from the Ecosystem

Abstract The heavy tax burden and land annexation has been taken as the main factor responsible for the problem of people leaving native places in a large number in the middle and late periods of the Ming dynasty. An investigation on the refugees in the Shanxi area shows that the problem was also related with the changes of ecological environment.