继嗣与继产:明清以来徽州宗族的族内过继

族内过继是明清以来徽州社会延续宗族世系的主流做法,虽然也存在异姓继承方式,但仅是少数家庭的选择。徽州宗族在遵循国家法的前提下,从继子的人选到如何上谱书写都作了比较详尽的规定,并载入族规家法以为定例,从而在一定程度上规范了族内过继行为。现存徽州过继文书具有丰富的内容,再现了族内过继的具体实态,而过继文书的订立,意味着过继得到了宗族的承认,继子获得了合法地位,宗族也试图通过文书把继子应享有的权利及应履行的义务规定下来,以避免当事人日后产生纠纷,我们从中能够看到徽州宗族对乡村社会控制权的不断强化。

Adopting heirs and inheriting property: guoji inner Huizhou clan since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

In order to last clan lineage,Huizhou society usually chose to carry out guoji inner clan since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Although the way of adoption outside the family came into being,it was only the choice of few families.According to the constitutional law,the Huizhou clans drew up strict regulations on guoji inner clan,which made guoji meet the norms in a degree.There were many recordations about guoji in Huizhou documents and these reappeared the specific guoji inner clan certainty.When two parties entered into the contract document,it meant the stepson had obtained the recognition of clan and legitimate status.The Huizhou clans formulated the rights and obligation of stepsons under the help of contracts,which perhaps prevented the disputes happening between the parties.We can read the information that Huizhou clans reinforced their control power upon rural society.