地域、权力与关系:对清代江苏督抚的考察

两江总督统辖江苏、安徽和江西三省地区,辖地辽阔,但驻地在江苏江宁府,而江苏巡抚驻地在苏州府,两地相距才二百多公里。江苏督抚同省而驻,既有历史的渊源,更有现实的考量。两者权力相仿,地位相同,又各有专责,共担治理江苏地方的重任,因此,地方治理的好坏,往往取决于双方是否各本虚公,坦诚合作。总体说来,有清一代,江苏督抚关系在共事中大体能够和衷共济,还呈现出几对堪称模范的督抚;当然,其间也夹杂着双方的权力争斗,甚至出现了督抚互参的重案。

Area, power and relationships: the study of viceroys and provincial -governors in Jiangsu province during the Qing Dynasty

Jiangsu,Anhui and Jiangxi were all under the governance of Liangjiang viceroys who got a wide range of management.The viceroys were resident in Jiangning prefecture which was nearby Suzhou prefecture where Jiangsu provincial-governors were stationed.Those two prefectures are only 200 kilometers apart.The phenomenon that the viceroys and the provincial-governors were stationed in the same province had historical origins and more practical considerations.Although the two governors had different responsibilities,they got the same authorities and had the same positions,and they had to share the task of the Jiangsu provincial governance.So the quality of local governance always depended on whether the two governors achieved general consensus and cooperated well.In general,the viceroys and the provincial-governors in Jiangsu always worked together in a good relationship during the Qing Dynasty,and even made some good examples.However,it was also mixed with the struggle for power and even some serious cases in which those governors impeached each other during this period.