关注遗产保护的新动向:文化景观

文化景观这一概念在景观生态学、文化地理学、人类生态学等学科中历史悠久,并被广泛应用。作为世界遗产体系中的文化景观,是人与自然相互作用的杰作,在二十世纪九十年代刚刚出现,但它已经成为遗产保护和利用领域中的热点。文化景观概念可以更好地理解遗产保护中的真实性和完整性原则,其重点在于保护人与自然互动的过程和产物,涉及到空间过程与土地利用、地形、水文、植被、交通、细部结构与装饰、健康与环境等方面。在中国倡导文化景观这一概念对于整个遗产的保护、生态的维系、文化的延续、旅游的开发、经济的发展都具有十分重要的作用。

NEW CHALLENGES OF WORLD HERITAGE CONSERVATION: CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

Cultural landscapes have been widely used in the fields of Landscape Ecology, Cultural Geography and Human Ecology. But only recently have been included in the list of world Heritage since 1990s. Cultural landscapes became one of the hot topics in the field of preservation and utilization of World Heritage. They represent the combined works of man and nature. Cultural landscape is meaningfwl. Firstly, Cultural Landscapeis not only outcome, but be process and act; Secondly, it is the place of peoples' livelihoods, identities and belief systems; Thirdly, it expands the thinking of cultural diversity and biological diversity and its relationships.The concept of cultural landscapeis helpfwl to understand the principle of authenticity and integrity. The preservation of cultural landscapes should be based on the carefully investigation and inventory of all elements. Preservation, rehabilitation, maintance and replacement are the integral process under the principle of authenticity and integrity. The process and outcomes of the combined works of man and nature is the center of preservation. It includes such aspects as spatial organization and land patterns, topography, waters features, vegetation, circulation, structures and furnishings, health and environment considerations.The organic relationships between people and land have been evolved deeply and widely for China's long history of agriculture. But it also faces serious crisis of the relationship under the pressure of quick urbanization. The concept of cultural landscapes used in China will be helpful in the fields such as heritage conservation, ecology preservation, cultural maintance, tourism development, and economy development.