从北京,上海,广州等大城市形态转变的模式和过程中看中国的城市转变

新的城市和经济的发展正在改变着中国城市基本的自然形态和结构。在城市发展的过程当中,能折射出国家动态的经济,社会和政策条件的新的模式正逐渐取代了由浓厚的意识形态所形成的带有鉴别性的模式。论文提供了北京,上海和广州等大城市形态转变的模式和过程的分析。重点谈到了土地使用的专业化,交通循环和建筑的高度,规划的过程,城市的更新及房地产市场的私有化等问题。20世纪见证了,中国大城市外形和构造的戏剧性改变。中国城市国际化的趋势日趋明朗化。中国文化的独特性以及中国社会主义制度的独特性,表明了中国城市的将来仍然与众不同。

CHINA'S URBAN TRANSFORMATION:PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN BEIJING,SHANGHAI AND GUANGZHOU

New urban and economic developments are transforming the fundamental nature and structure of China's cities. The distinctive patterns wrought by overlaying socialist ideals on the pre-1949 city are giving way to new forms reflecting the country's dynamic economic, social and political conditions. This article provides an analysis of the patterns and processes of change in urban form in contemporary Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, highlighting both the regional variation in urban development in China and the emergence of common trends in development and form. The article focuses on patterns of land-use specialization, circulation and building height, and processes of planning, urban renewal and privatization of the real estate market. The physical transformation of Chinese urban form is both a consequence of social and economic changes such as the restructuring of employment and investment patterns and a contributor to changes such as the growing need for transport and housing alternatives. The common patterns and processes of change in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have far-reaching implications for change in cities throughout China. The specialization of land use with multi-nucleation, district specialization and development zone planning, the reconfiguration of circulation systems, and the heightening and concentration of urban skylines are national trends produced, in part, through the processes of comprehensive urban planning and urban renewal, and the joint processes of privatization and investment. The overwhelming character of most urban landscapes in China today is the raw, unfinished look of demolition equipment and construction sites, piles of brick and new steel and the sounds of jackhammers, heavy trucks and shouted instructions. But the trends of the present point most clearly towards an increasing air of internationalism. Nonetheless, the weight and distinctiveness of Chinese culture, combined with the persistence of Chinese socialism, suggest that Chinese cities will remain distinctive well into the future.