从老股票看20世纪50年代的股份制企业

从已搜集到的20世纪50年代上海市的几种老股票来看,新中国成立初期的股份制企业至少存在三种类型。旧社会承继下来的资本主义性质的股份制企业是接受社会主义改造的重点对象和主角,通过实行“定息”,以“赎买”的方式,切断了所有制与经营者之间的联系,此时的股票与债券无异,股东与企业的关系是债权债务关系;农村的供销合作社和城市中的街道办股份制企业,与真正意义上的股份制企业相比都有很大的不同,它们的目的都是在抵制资本主义复辟和改变小生产方式的前提下发展社会生产力,目标是建成生产资料公有制的社会主义计划经济。

Joint-stock Enterprises in the 1950s As Seen from the Old Share Certificates

It could be seen from the several kinds of old share certificates used in the 1950s I have collected that there were at least three types of joint-stock enterprises in the early years of New China. The capitalist joint - stock enterprises from the old sociely were key targets of socialist transformation. Through "fixed interest rate and "buy - out policy the connections between ownership and operators were severed, now the share certificates were the same with bond certificates and the relations between the shareholders and enterprises were those between creditors and debtors. The rural marketing cooperatives and the urban neighborhood joint - stock enterprises were quite different from joint - stock firms in their true sense and were purported to develop social productive forces under the preconditions of preventing capitalist restoration and changing small - scale production in order to build up the socialist planned economy with public ownership of the means of production.