清代宗族的社会属性——反思20世纪的宗族批判论

清代的宗族具有大众性、自治性、互助性、民主性、宗法性、依附性诸种特性,概括地说她是含有宗法成分的自治性互助团体。她的宗法因素,不能夸大为"宗法性质";宗族自治、互助的功能,适应了民众生存生活的需要,起着积极的社会作用,应予肯定和尊重;宗族文化中的互助精神、自治意识、亲情意识是宝贵的中华精神文化遗产,为建设当代社会文明的有益资源。在20世纪,激进力量对宗族的否定,乃至取缔的态度,视为天经地义,但是作为历史则是可以、需要重新研讨的对象。尊重历史,还原宗族历史的本来面貌,乃必然之理。

Social nature of the clan in the Qing Dynasty:thinking about criticism on the clan in the 20th century

The patriarchal clan of Qing Dynasty was the self-help organizations which with the mass,autonomy,mutual aid,democratic,patriarchal,dependent features.As a valuable cultural heritage and helpful resources of the Chinese spirit,these characteristics adapted the needs of the masses and play an active role in society.In the 20th century,some radical scholars as well as against a negative clan’s policy was considered to be absolutely correct.But as history it is,need to rediscuss the object.Restore the original appearance of clan history,is bound to respect the historical truth.