Diet of aurochs and early cattle in southern Scandinavia: evidence from 15N and 13C stable isotopes |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark;2. Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. UCL Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. UCL Department of Anthropology, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK;3. CNRS – Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle – Sorbonne Universités, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnement, (UMR 7209), CP56, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;2. The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY 10016, USA;3. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;4. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;5. Department of Biomaterials & Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;6. Department of Basic Science & Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;7. WiscSIMS, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA;1. Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA;2. Museum Østjylland, Stemannsgade 2, DK-8900 Randers C, Denmark;3. Department of Historical Studies, Göteborg University, Renströmsgatan 5, Box 200, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden;1. IPHES, Institute Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n - Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain;2. Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal - AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Avda. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain;3. Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile;4. Private Technical Archaeologist, Zaragoza, Spain;5. GI Arqueobiología, Instituto de Historia, CCHS-CSIC, C/Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain;6. Laboratori d''Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Edifici B - Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain;7. Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR 5140, Univ Paul-Valéry, CNRS, MCC, F-34000, Labex ARCHIMEDE Programme IA- ANR-11-LABX-0032-01, Montpellier, France;3. Grup d''Investigació Prehistòrica, Departament d''Història, Facultat de Lletres, INDEST, Universitat de Lleida (HAR2016-78277-R), Pl. Víctor Siurana, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;4. School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, UK |
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| Abstract: | Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 14C dated bones of early Atlantic aurochs (Bos primigenius Bojanus) and late Atlantic first domestic cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus) in eastern Denmark and southern Sweden are significantly different and provide information on the origin and feeding strategies of the two species.Radiocarbon dates generally divide the bone material of aurochs and domestic cattle in three groups: aurochs older than 4000 cal yr BP, an older group of domestic cattle around 4000 cal yr BP, and a younger, less well-defined group of domestic cattle starting at around 3500 cal yr BP. The older domestic cattle are represented mainly by fragmentary bones left over from meals, and deposited in lakes at the vicinity of the settlement areas. Bones of the younger domestic cattle group occur both as settlement debris and as single articulated skeletons in bogs, commonly in association with different types of clay pots. The latter type of finds suggests that sacrifice of domestic cattle began at this time. The dating of the early domestic cattle further indicates that they were contemporaneous with or slightly younger than the elm decline, which occurred shortly after 4000 cal yr BC on the Danish island of Sjælland. Our results indicate a sudden rapid introduction of domestic cattle into Denmark, heralding the introduction of agriculture and there is no evidence for leaf foddering or domestication of aurochs. A combination of several natural events may have created the necessary open land, providing the grazing areas for the imported cattle. |
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