White marbles in Roman architecture: electron paramagnetic resonance identification and bootstrap assessment of the results |
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| Institution: | 1. Fitch Laboratory, British School at Athens, 52 Souedias Street, 10676, Greece;2. UCL Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar;3. CNRS Lyon, Archéorient (UMR 5133), France;4. Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece, Greece/Switzerland;5. University of Basel, Switzerland;1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Raman Spectroscopy Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Department of Conservation and Restoration, University College Antwerp, Blindestraat 9, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium;3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;4. Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | On the basis of a previously reported spectroscopic and petrographic database, a general procedure for determining the provenance of white marbles is presented and used to establish a classification rule for the marbles most used in Roman architecture. The rule, based on a data set including seven groups (Carrara, Naxos, Paros, Pentelicon, Proconnesus and Thasos, calcitic and dolomitic marbles) and 712 samples, uses quadratic discriminant analysis and a set of four spectroscopic and two petrographic variables, after logarithmic transformation. The performance of the rule, obtained by resubstitution, is 93.3%. Validation of this result, carried out using the bootstrap technique, after briefly introducing the method, indicates that the resubstitution bias is 1.4%, with a final unbiased performance of about 92%. The bootstrap result agrees satisfactorily with alternative bias estimates (jackknife, cross-validation). Problems connected with the assignment of sets of unknown samples and the methods used for distinguishing reliable from doubtful assignments are discussed. |
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