Defining and measuring reduction in unifacial stone tools |
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| Institution: | 1. Peabody Museum, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;2. Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030, USA;4. Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;1. University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy;2. University of Palermo. Dipartimento Culture e Società, 90128 Palermo, Italy;3. Via Montello 16, 98070 Castell’Umberto, Messina, Italy;4. Via Dei Laghi 4, 98070 Acquedolci, Messina, Italy;5. Via Gaetano Pilati 17b, 50136 Firenze, Italy;1. UMR 7041 ArScAn, AnTET (anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène), maison René-Ginouvès, 21, allée de l’université, 92023 Nanterre cedex, France;2. LSCE/IPSL UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France;3. Musée national de Damas, ministère de la Culture, direction générale des antiquités et des musées, Shoukry al-Qouwatly Street, Damas, Syrie;1. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, s/n, 09002, Burgos, Spain;2. Instituto de Evolución en Africa (IDEA), Museo de San Isidro, Plaza de San Andrés 2, 28005, Madrid, Spain;3. Escuela Interuniversitaria de Posgrado en Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Juan de Austria 1, 09001, Burgos, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Observations pertaining to particular stages of the lithic chaîne opératoire, or reconstructions of the entire operational sequence at a particular site, can be used to develop a detailed understanding of past human cognitive capabilities, technological sophistication, mobility, and land use. The “reduction sequence” is a specific stage of the chaîne opératoire that many archaeologists have attempted to measure. Many of these attempts fail to recognize that “reduction” is a three-dimensional process, and thus should be measured with an appropriate three-dimensional unit: volume. This paper presents a new methodology for measuring and defining reduction in unifacial stone tools that reconstructs the original volume of a modified blank, allowing a realistic percentage of volume loss to be calculated. This new method is fast, precise, and very accurate. |
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