‘You say that the Messiah has come …’: The Ceuta Disputation (1179) and its place in the Christian anti-Jewish polemics of the high middle ages |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Laboratory, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea;3. Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea;1. Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;2. International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;3. Research Center of Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storage (HYDROGENIUS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;5. Air Liquide R&D Centre de Recherches Claude Delorme-Paris Saclay, 1 Chemin de la porte des Loges, Les Loges-en-Josas Jouy-en-Josas 78354, France;1. Department of Physics, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, F. Engels av., Ivanovo 153000, Russia;2. G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Akademicheskaya st., Ivanovo 153045, Russia;1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | This article suggests that the ‘Disputation of Ceuta’ provides a link between the Christian anti-Jewish polemical discourse of the twelfth century, produced largely for internal consumption, and the active missionising of the thirteenth century. Having purportedly taken place in the North African port of Ceuta between a Christian merchant from Genoa and a Jew from Ceuta at the time of Almohad rule (1179), the disputation displays the signs of a major shift in the Christian contra Judaeos strategies. Unlike other twelfth-century works of this genre, which address a variety of points central to Jewish-Christian debate, the Ceuta Disputation is remarkably consistent in its emphasis on one particular issue – that of the coming of the Messiah. The messianic content of this disputation thus foreshadows the central thrust of the thirteenth-century Dominican mission to the Jews, which finds its fullest expression at the Barcelona Disputation of 1263. The article explains the prominence of this theme in the period by suggesting that the extraordinary emphasis on the Messiah in the Ceuta Disputation could be the result of the Christian protagonist's meeting with the North African Jew face-to-face and discovering that the Messianic promise was a subject of considerable interest for his opponent. More importantly, regardless of whether the discussion in Ceuta had or had not taken place, the new Christian attitude towards anti-Jewish polemics expressed in the Disputation's text was most likely inspired by real-life discussions between Jews and Christians. |
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