北京石景山八角村魏晋墓的年代及墓主问题

石景山八角村魏晋墓是北京地区发现的一座出有特殊壁画石龛的重要墓葬。石龛出现的原因必与墓葬的时代背景及墓主人身份密切相关。本文从"晋制"演变发展的角度考察该墓墓葬形制和随葬品的年代范围,首先进一步研究充实魏晋都城洛阳地区"晋制"墓葬的演变序列和阶段性特点,然后以之为参照,建立北京地区魏晋墓葬的演变系统,从而认为该墓的年代为西晋晚期,下限可到十六国初期。石龛壁画的中心图像是执麈尾正坐的男墓主人,这一形象是改进东汉旧样后、创新于幽州地区的新图式,体现了与幽州鲜卑的文化联系。本文由此进一步推测,八角村墓墓主人为遇害于蓟城的西晋并州刺史刘琨,该墓为二次改葬墓,石龛为段部鲜卑单于供奉的祭龛。

A Probe into The Date of The Tomb and Status of The Tomb Master of The Wei-Jin Period at Bajiao Village of Shijingshan District in Beijing

The archaeological discovery of the Wei-Jin period tomb with the unusual murals and stone niches inside at Bajiao village of Shijingshan District in Beijing is of high value.It is commonly agreed that the niche is closely linked to the burial background and the status of the tomb master,so this essay looks into the date of the tomb structure and the burial objects by the Jin system,reaching the conclusion that the tomb dated back to a certain period from the late West Jin down to the early Sixteen Kingdoms as is defined in the tomb development system of the Wei-Jin period in Beijing region which was set down by reference with the Jin-system evolution series and characteristics of the tombs lying in Luoyang,the capital city of Wei and Jin period.It has been studied that the male master sitting upright in the center with a ’Zhuwei fan’ in his hand was the new-style composition that emerged around Youzhou area but developed from the previous design of the East Han dynasty,which symbolizes the cultural interchange with the Xianbei tribe of Youzhou.The author thereby deduces that the tomb master is Cishi Liukun of Bingzhou of the West Han dynasty,who was killed in Beijing and reburied here from the original grave,and the stone niche was offered by the chief of Duan Xianbei in his honor.