关于极端干旱地区人地关系历史演变的初步研究--以塔里木盆地为例

纵观极端干旱地区生态环境与人类活动关系的全过程，可以看出：在气候环境自然演化的背景下，人地关系存在着时间与空问上的两种变迁。从历史时期看，从原始社会、农业社会到工业社会，人地关系大致经历了依附自然、干预顺应自然、干预自然、回归自然四个阶段。从空间上看，表现出人类“逐水而徙”，“依水而居”的相互关系。各个阶段以气候环境变化为背景，以水资源为主线，表现出人地关系演变的时空特征。塔里木水系的瓦解和塔里木盆地的沙漠化以及胡杨林植被面积的缩小，说明近100年来人类活动对人地关系的演化逐步起主导作用。

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF HUMAN-LAND RELATIONSHIP IN THE EXTREMELY ARID AREA--Taking Talimu Basin for example

Probing on the whole developing process of the relationship between the ecological environment and human activity in the extremely arid areas in the long human development history, we can find that the human land relationship has changed along with the shift of time and space on the background of the physical change of climate and ecological environment. On one hand, historically from the primitive society to the agricultural society, then to the industrial society and the post industrial society, the human land relationship has gone through four development phases: dependent on nature, interfering and complying with nature,interfering with nature,pro active and coordinating to nature, which are determined by the increase of productive activity, improvement of the productive tools and technology. On the other hand, from the point of space the human relationship is that human beings have shifted their living space and activity close to the place which is endowed with abundant water resource. Thus, regarding the change of climate and ecological environment as the background and the water resource as core line, each phase shows the evolving characteristics of human land relationship according to the shift of time and space. The human land relationship in Talimu River Basin has been affected by both physical and artificial factors; while the physical influencing factors such as the climate change and the water resource conditions were distinguished in the long human history. However, as time goes on, the human activity factors have exerted more and more important and significant impacts on the ecological and environmental changes along with the more and more intensive human activity in this area. According to the destruction of water system, waning of water resource, desertification and the decrease of vegetation area in Talimu River basin during the past several decades, which obviously resulted from and heavily impacted by the growth of population, exploitation of the oasis, agriculture irrigation, disafforestation, over husbandry as well as expansion of industrialization etc., we can draw the conclusion that the human activity will be playing dominant role gradually in this region on the course of evolution of human land relationship.