19世纪爪哇鸦片走私中的华侨包税商

结合19世纪末华侨因为参与鸦片税收承包与鸦片走私成为社会舆论批驳焦点的史实,阐述和分析了爪哇鸦片的输入与鸦片包税制的确立、爪哇鸦片走私的兴起以及华侨鸦片包税商在走私中所扮演的角色及其原因。认为华侨并不是爪哇鸦片走私的唯一参与者,欧洲人、欧亚混血儿及爪哇本土人常常是他们的合作伙伴;无论鸦片税收承包还是鸦片走私,最终的受益者都是荷兰殖民统治者;华侨包税商在荷属印尼历史上所扮演的任何角色都是由荷兰殖民统治的利益所决定的。

Chinese Farmers in Java's opium Smuggling during the 19th Century

During the 19th century, overseas Chinese in Java were criticized for both tax farmering and smuggling the opium. This paper discusses the importing process of Java opium, the establishment of the tax farmering system, the rise of opium smuggling in Java, and the role of overseas Chinese tax farmers in the whole system. The author argues that overseas Chinese, with Europeans, Euro-Asians, and native Javanese as their partners, were not the only participants of the smuggling. It is the Dutch colonists who benefited from the tax farmering and smuggling. The role of overseas Chinese tax farmers was decided by the demand of the Dutch colonists.