论"大跃进"战略的形成

1957年批判"反冒进",形成了所谓"积极平衡"的理论、生产建设中浮夸风的政治气候和行政运行上的互动机制。在毛泽东看来,要加快中国经济的发展速度,资金和物资的缺口可以依赖发动群众实现"积极平衡"。发动群众,其思想渊源与当年"大生产运动"有着密切联系,在经济上的涵义是充分利用中国丰富的劳动力资源。于是,在中国,"以苏为鉴"、"走自己的路"就意味着:通过充分利用劳动力资源,既试图加快重工业的发展,又试图在较少资金投入下加快农业和轻工业的发展;工业的发展实行"两条腿走路"。在此路径下,"人定胜天"的观念与浮夸风两者相互作用,终于形成了"大跃进"战略。

On the Formation of the Strategy of "Great Leap Forward"

Following the criticism of "opposition to rash advancement" there appeared an interaction among the so-called theory of " positive balance," a political climate of boasting and exaggeration in production and construction and arbitrary administrative operation. In the view of MAO Ze-dong, the Chinese economic development must be sped up and the insufficiency in capital and materials could be made up through mobilization of the masses or the so-called "positive balance. " The mobilization of masses could ideologically be traced back to the "great production movement" in Yan'an and its economic implications were to make full use of the rich labor resources in China. So "taking the Soviet Union as a mirror" and "taking our own road" meant attempts both to quicken the development of heavy industries through full use of labor resources and to quicken the development of agriculture and light industries with less capital investment. Meanwhile, in the development of industries a whole set of policies was introduced, known as "walking on two legs." Against this background, the interplay between the conviction in the sure triumphal of man over nature and the atmosphere of inflated exaggeration finally led to the strategy of the " great leap forward. "