The Pleistocene Peopling of the North: Paleolithic Milestones and Thresholds Horizons in Northern Eurasia: Part I: Lower Paleolithic Antecedents |
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| Institution: | 1. Volga State Academy of Social Studies and Humanities, Maksima Gorkogo 65/67, Samara, 443099, Russia;2. South Ural Department of the Institute of History and Archaeology Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Lenina 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia;1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Beijing 100044, China;2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. V.P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Lebedevoi 89, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia;3. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Department of Asian and North African Studies, Ca’ Foscari University, Ca’ Cappello, San Polo 2035, I-30125 Venezia, Italy;2. Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, National Prehistoric Museum of Balzi Rossi, Archaeological Superintendency of Liguria, Via Balbi 10, I-16126 Genova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Human occupation of northern Eurasia high latitudes entailed coping with severe bioclimatic circumstances and Ice Age cycle fluctuations. Resolving this “adaptability paradox” required depending on cultural, rather than biological means. Paleolithic evidence indicates culture historical developments of considerable time depth, long-term adaptive stages, and thresholds in the “peopling of the North.” It began with Lower Paleolithic populations expanding into temperate and continental Eurasia, becoming fully actualized during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. The Middle Paleolithic formative stage constituted a human biogeographic realm overlapping significantly with the Mammoth-Steppe Biome faunal complex. Part I identifies issues, time perspectivism, culture, foraging adaptation, and human biogeography concepts. Lower Paleolithic occurrences, initial occupation episodes are surveyed and discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Adaptive constraints culture time perspectivism Mammoth-Steppe Biome early dispersals evidence |
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